function curry(f) {
    var args = slice(arguments, 1);
    return function() { return f.apply(this, args.concat(slice(arguments))); };
};

function prog1(ret) {
    if (ret instanceof Function)
        ret = ret();
    for (var i = 1, n = arguments.length; --n > 0; ++i)
        arguments[i]();
    return ret;
};

function array_to_hash(a) {
    var ret = {};
    for (var i = 0; i < a.length; ++i)
        ret[a[i]] = true;
    return ret;
};

function slice(a, start) {
    return Array.prototype.slice.call(a, start || 0);
};

function characters(str) {
    return str.split("");
};

function member(name, array) {
    for (var i = array.length; --i >= 0;)
        if (array[i] == name)
            return true;
    return false;
};

function HOP(obj, prop) {
    return Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(obj, prop);
};