This hack makes Guile default to UTF-8.  This avoids calls to
`iconv_open'; `iconv_open' tries to open shared objects that aren't
available during bootstrap, so using UTF-8 avoids that (and UTF-8 has
built-in conversions in glibc, too.)

diff --git a/libguile/bytevectors.c b/libguile/bytevectors.c
index 0ac5ea6a6..f73301e2f 100644
--- a/libguile/bytevectors.c
+++ b/libguile/bytevectors.c
@@ -1931,7 +1931,7 @@ utf_encoding_name (char *name, size_t utf_width, SCM endianness)
   if (scm_i_is_narrow_string (str))                                     \
     {                                                                   \
       err = mem_iconveh (scm_i_string_chars (str), c_strlen,            \
-                         "ISO-8859-1", c_utf_name,                      \
+                         "UTF-8", c_utf_name,                      \
                          iconveh_question_mark, NULL,                   \
                          &c_utf, &c_utf_len);                           \
       if (SCM_UNLIKELY (err))                                           \
diff --git a/libguile/ports.c b/libguile/ports.c
index 45e62f4e4..42012f3aa 100644
--- a/libguile/ports.c
+++ b/libguile/ports.c
@@ -974,7 +974,9 @@ canonicalize_encoding (const char *enc)
   char *ret;
   int i;
 
-  if (!enc || encoding_matches (enc, sym_ISO_8859_1))
+  if (enc == NULL)
+    return sym_UTF_8;
+  if (encoding_matches (enc, sym_ISO_8859_1))
     return sym_ISO_8859_1;
   if (encoding_matches (enc, sym_UTF_8))
     return sym_UTF_8;
@@ -4198,7 +4200,7 @@ scm_init_ports (void)
     scm_c_define ("%default-port-conversion-strategy",
                   scm_make_fluid_with_default (sym_substitute));
   /* Use the locale as the default port encoding.  */
-  scm_i_set_default_port_encoding (locale_charset ());
+  scm_i_set_default_port_encoding ("UTF-8");
 
   scm_c_register_extension ("libguile-" SCM_EFFECTIVE_VERSION,
                             "scm_init_ice_9_ports",
diff --git a/libguile/strings.c b/libguile/strings.c
index 056b4c99f..63a6c050d 100644
--- a/libguile/strings.c
+++ b/libguile/strings.c
@@ -1579,7 +1579,7 @@ scm_i_default_string_failed_conversion_handler (void)
 SCM
 scm_from_locale_stringn (const char *str, size_t len)
 {
-  return scm_from_stringn (str, len, locale_charset (),
+  return scm_from_stringn (str, len, "UTF-8",
                            scm_i_default_string_failed_conversion_handler ());
 }
 
@@ -1907,7 +1907,7 @@ char *
 scm_to_locale_stringn (SCM str, size_t *lenp)
 {
   return scm_to_stringn (str, lenp,
-                         locale_charset (),
+                         "UTF-8",
                          scm_i_default_string_failed_conversion_handler ());
 }
 
@@ -2195,7 +2195,7 @@ scm_to_stringn (SCM str, size_t *lenp, const char *encoding,
     scm_wrong_type_arg_msg (NULL, 0, str, "string");
 
   if (encoding == NULL)
-    encoding = "ISO-8859-1";
+    encoding = "UTF-8";
 
   if (c_strcasecmp (encoding, "UTF-8") == 0)
     /* This is the most common case--e.g., when calling libc bindings
@@ -2247,7 +2247,7 @@ scm_to_stringn (SCM str, size_t *lenp, const char *encoding,
   if (scm_i_is_narrow_string (str))
     {
       ret = mem_iconveh (scm_i_string_chars (str), ilen,
-                         "ISO-8859-1", encoding,
+                         "UTF-8", encoding,
                          (enum iconv_ilseq_handler) handler, NULL,
                          &buf, &len);